Evaluation of in vitro Combined Antibacterial Activity of Some Commonly Used Antibiotics of Choice against Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by Activity Index Profile.
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Evaluation of the in vitro combined antibacterial activity of antibiotics of choice: ciprofloxacin ((C), penicillin (P), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and cefixime (CX) against authochthonous and allochthonous urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens: Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CONSA): Staphylococcus saprophyticus (SS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) was carried-out at 1xMIC, by the modified agar-well diffusion technique and the nature of the interactions assessed by activity-index profile (AIP). The preliminary antibacterial sensitivity assayed by agar-well diffusion technique showed excellent antibacterial activity of the agents against the tested UTI pathogens with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) within the range (20.0 – 50.0 mm), except cefixime, which was fairly active against EC and CONSA, with IZD of 12.0 mm; and inactive against PA and SA. The antibacterial activity of the agents was in the descending order: C > P > TMP – SMX > CX. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the active agents against the UTI pathogens determined by macrobroth-dilution technique were within the range: C (0.00781 – 0.0098 mg/ml), P(0.12 mg/ml); and TMP – SMX (4.80 – 0.60 mg/ml), with corresponding qualitative inhibitory potency, within the range (12.0 – 38.0 mm) for the UTI pathogens, except TMP-SMX which was inactive against SA. The interactions of the agents at 1xMIC against the UTI pathogens showed qualitative inhibitory activity within the range (9.0 – 25.0 mm), which were comparatively assessed by the AIP, indicating predominantly synergism and lessly indifferent for EC, CONSA and SA; and total antagonism for PA.
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