The Proximate Composition, Mineral Element Contents and Physicochemical Properties of the Flower Oil of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams (Asteraceae)
Barre latérale de l'article
Contenu principal de l'article
Résumé
In a region like Africa and in an era where oil adulteration is commonplace coupled with prohibiting high cost of the available commercial oils, there is need to research for more sources of the commercial oils where quality can be guaranteed and the supplies regular. The flower oil of Aspilia africana which can be cheaply extracted from the flowering plant found in abundance everywhere in tropical Africa can solve this problem if its quality compares favourably with the available commercial oils. This work was undertaken to investigate the physicochemical properties of the oil extracted from the flower of Aspilia africana with the view of comparing its quality with some commercial vegetable oils and exploring its potentials as pharmaceutical base oil. The proximate composition, mineral element contents, physicochemical properties and the fatty acid composition of the flower oil obtained by soxhlet extraction using n-hexane were determined using standard methods and the results compared with those of some standard commercial oils. The physicochemical analysis gave comparable values of some parameters such as relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, viscosity, acid value, ester value, hydroxyl value and iodine value with those of some commercial vegetable oil. The GC-MS analysis showed the oil to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, 59.07%). Proximate analysis of the oil showed that it contained 36.40% of carbohydrate, 22.35% of protein, 8.90% ash and 15.6% lipid. Iron and potassium had the highest concentrations as mineral elements. The characteristic properties of this oil suggested potential for its application as pharmaceutical oil that might satisfy some of the deficiencies of commercial vegetable oils.
Téléchargements
Renseignements sur l'article
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Références
Agonihotri, S; S. Wakode, and Agonihotri, A (2010). An overview of anti-inflammatory properties and chemo-profiles of plants used in traditional medicine. Ind J. of Nat. Products and Res, 1 (2): 150-167.
Anac, P. and Martin-Prevel, P. (1999). Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management. Springer: 290. ISBN 9780792358503 Retrieved 20 June 2011.
AOAC International, (2007). Official methods of analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists 18th edn, 2005; Current through revision 2, 2007 (On-line). AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD
AOCS, (2000). Acid value. Official Method Cd 3d-63
ASTM E1690-08, (2014). Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extractives in Biomass. American Society for Testing and Materials International West Conshhocken, PA.
Azadmard-Damirchil S. and Torbati, M., (2015). Adulterations in Some Edible Oils and Fats and Their Detection Methods; Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control 2: 38-44
British Pharmacopeia (BP), (1993). 2: A115 - A118. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.
Davidson, S., R. Passmore, Brock J. F. and Truswell A. S. (1975). Human Nutrition and Dietetics (6th ed). The Eng Lang. Book Society and Churchill Livingstone p. 47.
Hassan, L.G., Hassan, S.W. Hashim, T.. Umar K .J and. Sani, N. A (2011). Determination of Nutritive Values of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Leaves; Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(2): 18 – 23; http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v4i2.4
Heaney, R. P. and Weaver, C. M. (1990). Calcium Absorption from Kale; A Journal of Clinical Nutr. 51:656
Iwu, M.M. (1993). Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, CRP Press Boca Raton, Florida, 88.
Johnson, E.C. Ilyas, M... Eseyin, O.A. Etim, E.I. Udobre, A.S Udoh, A. E and . Edem, E.O. (2016) Isolation, characterization and anti-diabetic potentials of oleanolic acid from the leaves of Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D Adams (Asteraceae), J. Pharm. Med. Res. 2(2) 62–65.
Mori, T. A., V Burke, I. B. Puddey, G. F. Watts, O’Neal, D. N., Best, J. D. and J. L. Beilin, (2000). Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly hyperlipidemic men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71: 1085–1094.
National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), (2014). Mass Spectral Library.
Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) (1992). Standard for Edible Vegetable Oil pp. 5–12.
Nwachukwu C. U.,. Umeh., C. N. Kalu, I. G Okere S. and Nwoko, M. C. (2010). Identification and Traditional Uses of some common Medicinal Plants in Ezinihitte Mbaise L.G.A., of Imo State, Nigeria. Report and Opinion, 2(6): 135 -138.
Obuzor, G. U. and Nkom, J. N. (2010). Fatty Acid Composition of Aspilia africana (Nigerian). International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology, 1 (2): 13-19.
Ogunwande, I.A., Eresanya, O. Avoseh,., N. O Oyegoke, T., Ogunmoye,., A. O. and Flamini, G. (2012). Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Nigerian Plants. Pelagia Research Library Der Chemica Sinica, 3(1):279-286.
Oko, O .O., Agiang, E. A., Osim, E. E. and Asuquo, O. R. (2011). Toxicological Evaluation of Aspilia Africana Leaf Extracts in Mice. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicolog, 6 (3): 96-101.
Olaniyi, A. O. and Ogungbamila, F. O. (1998). Experimental Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaneson C.I. Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2nd Edn, 47-157.
Shubham Y., (2018). Edible Oil Adulterations. International Journal of Chemical Studies; 6(2): 1393-1397.
Standard Organization of Nigeria, SON, (2000). Standards for Edible Refined Palm Oil and Its Processed form, pp. 2–5.
U.S.D.A., (2012) Agricultural Research Service. What We Eat in America, 2009-2010.
Vlab. Amrita.edu, (2011). Estimation of saponification Value of Fat/oils. Retrieved 12 Jul. 2017.
William CW. and. Han, X (2010). Lipid Analysis - Isolation, Separation, Identification and Lipidomic Analysis (4th edition), 446 pages (Oily Press, Woodhead Publishing and now Elsevier)