Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis, Phytochemical Constituents and Anti-staphylococcal Efficacies of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Baphia nitida and Annona muricata
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Phytochemical constituents, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis and anti-staphylococcal efficacies of aqueous leaf extracts of Baphia nitida (ALEBN) and Annona muricata (ALEAM) were determined using chemical method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer and disc diffusion technique, respectively. The total percentage occurrences of Staphylococcus spp obtained from the samples in decreasing order were as follows: 100 % (water) ? 87.5 % (RTE-food) ? 75.0 % (soil) ? 62.5 % (urine). A total of ten (10) methicillin resistant (MR) Staphylococcus spp, comprising eight (8) MR- S. aureus (MRSA) and two (2) MR- coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp (MRCoNS) were obtained. The results showed between 75.0 % and 100 % MRSA were sensitive to different concentrations of ALEBN, while ? 90 % MR-Staphylococcus spp tested were sensitive to ALEAM with the lowest and highest inhibitory zone of 7.8 ± 0.2 mm and 17.7 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. The MIC (mgml-1) of ALEBN on MRSA ranged from 6.25 to 50.0, while MIC of ALEBN on MRCoNS ranged from 6.25 to 12.5. The ALEAM showed both bacteriostatic (MBC/MIC ? 4) and bacteriocidal (MBC/MIC ? 4) effects on the strains of MR-Staphylococcus spp. The secondary metabolites detected in varied concentrations in both ALEBN and ALEAM were flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, deoxy sugar, cardiac glycosides and phlobatanins. The FT-IR analysis of ALEBN and ALEAM revealed multiple biologically active functional groups of carboxylic acids, amines, esters, alkenes, ketones, alkanes, aromatics and alcohols with absorption bands ranging 534.3 to 3410.26 cm-1. This study consequently supports the utilization of these plants for therapeutic purposes and equally validates their anti-staphylococcal activities especially on the strains of MR-Staphylococcus spp
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