Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti L. to essential oils of Eryngium foetidum L. and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng
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Abstract
Background: Aedes aegypti is a biological vector responsible for transmitting yellow fever, dengue and the dreaded tropical disease, lymphatic filariasis. Some plant essential oils have demonstrated potency against insect vectors. This research determined the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to essential oils of Eryngium foetidum and Plectranthus amboinicus.
Methods: These oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, using a Clevenger apparatus. Susceptibility was determined by the knockdown-effect elicited on the test mosquitoes by the oils at 6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00 and 100.00µl/ml concentrations. The negative control consisted of 1ml of 10% tween 80 while the positive control was deltamethrin. Each test concentration and the controls had four replicates. Twenty-five adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to each experimental set-up, totaling 100 mosquitoes per concentration. Wheaton bottles separately coated with the oils and control solvents were used for the bioassays.
Results: Results revealed that oil concentrations at 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 and 50µl/ml of E. foetidum demonstrated concentration-and-time dependent knockdown-effect on the test mosquitoes. Knockdown-effects of 100% and 96% were obtained at 50µl/ml and 100µl/ml concentrations respectively. P. amboinicus oil showed a non-linear-relationship between the oil-concentrations and the knockdown-effect. At 30-minutes, KD50 values of 15.236µl/ml and 59.311µl/ml were obtained by Log-time Probit model for P. amboinicus and E. foetidum oils respectively. Thus, Ae. aegypti was more susceptible to the oil of P. amboinicus. Of the controls, only the positive elicited knockdown-effect on the mosquitoes.
Conclusion: P. amboinicus and E. foetidum oils should be further explored as potent and safe products for controlling Ae. aegypti.
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