Antimalarial Activity of Leaf Extract of Solanum anomalum (Solanaceae)
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Abstract
The ethanol leaf extract of Solanum anomalum was evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in rodents to ascertain the folkloric claim of its antimalarial activity. The crude leaf extract (70 – 210 mg/kg) of Solanum anomalum was investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice. Antimalarial activities during early and established infections as well as prophylactic potentials were investigated. Artesunate 5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine 1.2mg/kg were used as positive controls. The extract dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic, suppressive and curative models in mice. These reductions were statistically significant (p<0.001). it also improved the mean survival time (MST) from 12.66 to 15.66 days relative to control (p<0.001). The activity of extract was incomparable to that of the standard drugs used (artesunate and pyrimethamine). Solanum anomalum leaf extract has antiplasmodial activity which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
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