HPLC characterization and anti-ulcer effects of methanol seed extract and fractionated components of Telfairia occidentalis in rodents
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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to characterize the secondary metabolites and evaluate the ulcer-protective activity of Telfairia occidentalis seed extract and its fractionated components in rodents.
Methods: The seed coverings were removed, and the seeds were dried and milled into a coarse powder, which was macerated with 70% methanol and filtered after 72 h. The resultant filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and a portion was partitioned with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol using a separating funnel. The acute oral toxicity (LD??) of the methanol extract was determined following the OECD protocol. Phytochemical constituents were profiled using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ulcer-protective effects were evaluated in rats using ethanol-, indomethacin-, and histamine-induced ulceration models.
Results: The LD?? value was estimated at 5000 mg/kg. Phytochemical analysis identified flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, and glycosides. The methanol extract and its fractions provided significant (p ? 0.05) protection against ulcers induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and histamine, with effects comparable to standard drugs such as propranolol and cimetidine.
Conclusion: The methanol seed extract and fractionated components of T. occidentalis exhibited notable ulcer-protective properties, with the n-butanol fraction (NBT) showing the highest activity.
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