Cytotoxic, phytotoxic and insecticidal assessment of the crude extract and fractions of leaves of Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Asteraceae.

Main Article Content

E. O. Ikpefan
C. A. Ukwubile
L. U. Nwankwo

Abstract

This work focused on investigating the cytotoxic, phytotoxic and as well as the insecticidal activities of the extract and fractions of Conyza sumatrensis. The solvent-solvent partitioning of the extract obtained by cold maceration gave two fractions (aqueous and dichoromethane fractions) which were screened phytochemically along with the extract. The cytotoxic potential was evaluated using brine shrimp (10-1000 ìg/mL) and tadpole mortality assays (20-400 ìg/mL), while the phytotoxicity was done using Lemna minor frond (10-1000 ìg/mL) and Sorghum bicolor radicle (1-30 mg/mL) inhibition assays as well as insect contact assay for insecticidal activity. While the DCM-fraction recorded 100 % mortalities on brine shrimp and tadpoles at the maximum concentrations (1000 and 400 ìg/mL) it also recorded higher insecticidal activity of 80.62 % on Rhyzopertha dominica. However, the aqueous fraction was observed to give a higher phytotoxic activity as it gave complete inhibition at 20 and 30 mg/mL as well as 100 and 1000 ìg/mL against the radicle of Sorghum bicolor and fronds of Lemna minor respectively. The DCM and aqueous fractions of the plant have expressed higher cytotoxic, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities over the crude extract, which is an indication of potent cytotoxic, phytotoxic and insecticidal compounds which require further investigation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Ikpefan, E. O., Ukwubile , C. A. ., & Nwankwo , L. U. (2020). Cytotoxic, phytotoxic and insecticidal assessment of the crude extract and fractions of leaves of Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Asteraceae. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research, 9(3), 52–58. Retrieved from http://mail.nijophasr.net/index.php/nijophasr/article/view/362
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

E. O. Ikpefan

Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria.

C. A. Ukwubile

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria

L. U. Nwankwo

Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria.

References

Ahn YJ, Lee SB, Lee HS, Kim GH (1998). Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of caravacrol and ?-thujaplicine derived from Thujopsis dolabrata var. Hondai sawdust. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24: 81–90

Asongalemh EAS, Foyet J, Ngogang GN, Folefoc TD, Kamtchouing P. (2004).Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Conyza sumatrensis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 91:301-308.

Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, LinderT, Wawrosch C, Uhrin, P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H. (2015). Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnology advances, 33(8):1582–1614.

Atta-ur-Rehman, M.A., Choudhary M.I., and Thomsen WJ (1991). Manual of bioassay techniques for natural product research, Harward Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp.82- 84.

Ayinde BA, Omogbai EKI, Ikpefan EO (2011). Comparative cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of Persea americana mill (lauraceae) leaf, stem and root barks. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10 (1):16-26.

Boniface PK, Pal A (2013). Substantiation of the ethnopharmacological use of Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker in the treatment of malaria through in vivo evaluation in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 145:373–377.

Chew AL, Jessica JJA, Sasidharan S (2012). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of different parts of Leucas aspera. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2 :176-180.

Costa Júnior JS, Ferraz ABF, Sousa TO, Silva RAC, de Lima SG, Feitosa, CM (2013). Investigation of biological activities of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of Platonia insignis Mart. seed. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 112: 34– 41.

David OK, Emma L, Wightman E (2011). Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain function, Advances in Nutrition, 2(1):32–50.

Ghazala B, Shameel M. (2005). Phytochemistry and bioactivity of some freshwater green algae from Pakistan. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43: 358-369

Ikpefan EO (2018). Preliminary Growth Inhibitory Studies of the Methanol Extract and Fractions of Leaves of Artocarpus altilis. Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 5 (2): 275-280.

Ikpefan EO, Ayinde BA (2016). Preliminary Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Activity of The Aqueous and Chloroform Fractions of The Leaf of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5 (1):15-20

Jack IR, Okorosaye-Orubite K (2008). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the extract of leaves of fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 12(4): 63-65.

Kamdem BP, Singh M, Anil KM, Pal A (2013). Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of HPLC fingerprinted extract of Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149(3):833-7.

Mabrouk S, Salah KBH, Elaissi A, Jlaiel L, Jannet HB, Aouni M, Harzallah-Skhiri F (2013).Chemical Composition And Andimicrobial and Allelopathic Activity Of Tunisian Conyza Sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Essential Oils. Chemistry and Biodiversity; 10(2):209-23.

Mclaughlin JL, Rogers LL, Anderson JE (1998). The uses of biological assays to evaluate botanicals. Drug information journal, 32: 513-24.

Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. (1982). Brine shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica,45: 31-34.

Obuotor EM, Onajobi FD (2000). Preliminary Evaluation of Cytotoxic Properties of Raphia hookeri fruit mesocarp. Fitoterapia,71: 190-192.

Panuganti SJ (2015). Principles Involved in Bioassay by different Methods: A Mini-Review. Research and Review: Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3 (2):1- 18

Saima S, Muhammad AK, Barkatullah I (2017). Cytotoxic and Phytotoxic Activities of Reinwardtia trigyna (ROXB.). International Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(2): 32-36

Sofowora LA (2008). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 2nd Edn., Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria, ISBN: 9789780298814, Pages: 289.

Thébaud C, Finzi AC, Affre L (1996). Assessing why two introduced Conyza differ in their ability to invade Mediterranean old fields. Ecology, 77 (3):791- 804.

Ullah N, Haq IU, Mirza B (2015). Phytotoxicity evaluation and phytochemical analysis of three medicinally important plants from Pakistan. Toxicology & Industrial Health, 31:389–395.